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The Hammill Institute on Disabilities was organized in 2005 exclusively for charitable, scientific, and educational purposes to enhance the well-being of people with disabilities, their parents, and the professionals who are devoted to their interests. Our website, www.hammill-institute.org, provides information about the Institute's mission and activities. One of the Institute's undertakings is the Hammill Institute Preservation Project (HIPP). An important part of this project is (a) to identify those individuals who made significant contributions to the field of visual impairment between the years 1800 and 1999 and (b) to identify the top issues that have most influenced the field. We created a pool of prominent individuals in each of the various disability fields consisting of journal editors and associate editors, university training faculty, officers and board members of parent and professional organizations, and professionals providing direct service. We then selected individuals from this pool to receive our questionnaire. Once the questionnaires were received and the responses analyzed, short biographies for those people who received the most nominations were prepared. More comprehensive biographies were prepared for the most important. We will also commission papers or monographs dealing with the issues that were identified as most important. The papers may be published in one or more of the Institute's 14 journals and in other relevant publications.

Louis Braille (1809–1852)

BRAILLE, LOUIS, b. Coupvray, France, 1809, d. 1852. Inventor and teacher

Louis Braille lost his vision as a result of an accident when he was 3 years old. In 1819, Louis’ family enrolled him as a student at the Royal Institution for Blind Youth in Paris. At 15 years of age, while still a student at the Institution, he developed a system for teaching people who are blind to read and write. This system is based on six raised dots arranged in a 2 x 3 grid. Individual dots or combinations of dots (and spaces) represent different letters of the alphabet and other graphemes. Braille’s system is the preferred method today for teaching literacy skills to people who are blind. Just 2 years after Braille invented the system, he was asked to join the teaching staff at the Institution, an association that continued until his death in 1852 at age 43. Continue reading

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